Basically, there are 2 places where you can find diamonds. The first is in the wells and pipes extinct volcanoes. During a volcanic eruption left behind diamonds in kimberlite, which itself is covered in earth, stone and rock. This is where diamond 'comes to the surface' for the first time. This is called the primary deposit.
Other diamonds are feeding their coats due to erosion, which is the process of gradual destruction through rain, wind, etc. After this, the water drags on riverbeds and sandy coastline. These places are called secondary deposits.
In order to find large diamond companies use heavy machinery, but diamonds are discovered by people working with their hands. In both cases it is a matter of search and persevering.
To know where to find the diamonds is one thing to mine and extract them is quite different. The method used depends first on what kind of place the diamonds have been found in.
Opencast and underground mining are used for diamond mining in primary deposits. An extraordinary example of this type of open-pit mine is the big hole in Kimberley (South Africa), the largest man-made crater in the world and a consequence of the diamond fever. When diamonds were discovered in Kimberley, in the 19th century, many of the miners began to dig around the extinct volcano pipe. Became more and more dangerous, as each miner dug deeper and went to their own pace. Several roads were collapsed and crumbled extraction. When a company acquires control of any mine, this situation comes to an end. When the big hole was closed in 1914, a crater at least 1200 meters deep has been dug. Using open pit mining to be carried out with a shovel and a pick, while today, heavy machinery and explosives are used.
Underground mining is the other primary method of mining deposits, and is similar to the way of the old coal mine work. The diamond layers are reached through underground tunnels and passageways. The layers are scraped or crushed to release large chunks of rock and kimberlite. The pieces are loaded into railroad cars leading to a processing plant, where the pieces of diamond containing gravel and washed until only rough diamonds remains.
Of all rough diamonds are only half of them are 'gem' quality. The other half is used as industrial diamonds. Diamond cutters in turn 50% of gem quality stones to sparkling diamonds in the rough, a job that obviously requires a lot of professional skill and precision. Every little slip or mistake can prove very costly. With the tools we have today, it is possible to polish more diamonds and more accurately. But the diamond cutting process is still based on 4 techniques, use one after another has been known for a long time: cleaving, sawing, and polishing bruting.
